Abuse potential of morphine/dextromethorphan combinations.

Abstract

The potentiation of morphine analgesia by dextromethorphan raises the issue of whether dextromethorphan also potentiates those actions of morphine that lead to abuse. Clinical pharmacology experiments indicated that dextromethorphan does not potentiate the euphorigenic and miotic actions of morphine. Morphine suppresses the dysphoric action of dextromethorphan. A second set of experiments indicated that dextromethorphan does not alter the response to naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. In a third set of experiments, dextromethorphan did not alter the morphine-induced depression in the slope of the increase in minute volume in response to breathing increased CO2. In contrast to potentiation of analgesia, dextromethorphan does not enhance the euphorigenic, physical dependence, and respiratory depressant actions of morphine. These findings indicate that dextromethorphan does not enhance the abuse potential of morphine and that the potentiation of analgesia appeared to be selective.