Long-term impact of postoperative radiotherapy in carcinoma of the vulva FIGO I/II.

Abstract

Between 1953 and 1978, postoperative radiotherapy was used as an adjuvant therapy for carcinoma of the vulva that had not been treated with radical vulvectomy. We evaluated long-term results and possible prognostic factors. Ninety-two patients were treated. Surgical procedures were simple vulvectomy, electrocoagulation, or local excision. Radiotherapy doses to the vulva ranged from 0 to 90 Gy. All patients received radiotherapy to the inguinal lymph nodes, ranging from 30 to 60 Gy. Thirty-year retrospective follow-up was done evaluating the records and statistical survival rates. Five-year actuarial survival rates in T1 patients were 71% (77% cause-specific survival rate), for T2 patients 43% (48% cause-specific survival rate). The difference between T1 and T2 patients was significant (p < 0.05). Patients with tumors of the labia minora had a significantly higher survival rate than those with different sites affected. Doses of 45 Gy or more to the vulva were sufficient to increase the 5-year cause-specific survival rate from 55% to 88%. The results in three subgroups were analyzed, group 1 having received electrocoagulation, but no radiotherapy of the vulva; group 2, local excision and doses of 40 Gy to the vulva; group 3, local excision and doses of 60 Gy to the vulva. There was a significant effect on 10-year cause-specific survival rates: 48% in group 1, 11% in group 2, and 88% in group 3. In multivariate analysis, the significant independent factors were T classification, tumor sites and-with only marginal significance-radiation doses to the vulva. The prognosis in early vulva carcinoma after nonradical surgery primarily depends on T classification and the site of the primary tumor. With univariate analyses, the dose has a significant effect on survival. In multivariate analyses the dose is a marginal independent factor in the whole group of patients. After nonradical surgery of early vulva carcinoma, the vulva should be irradiated resulting in better long-term survival.