Pulmonary capillary blood volume in hyperpnea-induced bronchospasm.

Abstract

Reactive hyperemia of the bronchial circulation has been postulated to contribute to the airway narrowing that occurs following exercise or hyperpnea in subjects with asthma with hyperpnea-induced bronchospasm (HIB). Changes in lung parenchymal mechanics also occur in HIB, including increases in peripheral airway resistance. Since the peripheral airways and lung parenchyma are supplied by the pulmonary circulation, and changes in the pulmonary circulation could alter airway resistance or tissue mechanics, we hypothesized that pulmonary capillary blood flow would increase in association with HIB, resulting in increases in pulmonary capillary blood volume (VC). We measured VC by using two test gases of varying oxygen concentration to determine the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DL(CO)) before and after a period of hyperpnea in 13 subjects with asthma with HIB and 10 control subjects without asthma. Despite subjects with asthma having a significant fall in FEV(1) following hyperpnea compared with control subjects (DeltaFEV(1) = -26 +/- 12 versus -4 +/- 4%, mean +/- SD, p < 0.001), there was no change in the DL(CO) or VC from baseline values. We conclude that pulmonary capillary blood volume does not change following hyperpnea, and therefore that changes in pulmonary blood flow are not associated with HIB.