Gastrointestinal presentation of germ cell malignancy.

Abstract

To summarize monoinstitutional experience with gastrointestinal (GI) presentations of germ cell malignancy and to review recent medical literature on this issue. Retrospective review of 5 cases with advanced germ cell malignancy (testicular 2 and retroperitoneal 3) and involvement of the upper GI tract and a comparison with published observation. In 4 patients the duodenum and in 1 patient the distal part of the esophagus were involved in germ cell malignancy. In 3 patients grade 3 or grade 4 anemia represented the principle initial symptom. Ulceration of the upper GI tract was in 1 case complicated by an aortoduodenal fistula with rupture of the aorta. This patient and 2 other cases needed emergency surgery due to GI hemorrhage before and/or during the initial phase of chemotherapy. Our observations compare well with the literature, showing the need of multimodality therapy of these complications. In young males with a malignant tumor in the upper GI tract, the diagnosis of germ cell malignancy should be considered. Treatment of this condition requires a multimodality approach, not rarely including emergency surgery. Though these patients often belong to a poor-prognosis group, our results and the literature review show that long-term survival is possible using modern treatment principles. In particular, the risk of GI hemorrhage, during the initial phase of therapy, should not be overseen.