Increased urinary leukotriene E(4) during febrile attacks in the hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D and periodic fever syndrome.

Abstract

The hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D and periodic fever syndrome is a hereditary periodic fever, caused by deficiency of the enzyme mevalonate kinase. It is unclear how this defect leads to recurrent fever episodes. To assess the involvement of cysteinyl leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of fever attacks as reflected by urinary leukotriene E(4) (LTE(4)) excretion. Urinary LTE(4) was measured in seven patients while febrile and afebrile. LTE(4) was raised during fever in all subjects (46-199 nmol/mol creatinine, mean 92; normal <40). Urinary LTE(4) was normal between attacks, as well as in normal children with fever as a result of miscellaneous causes. Our results suggest that cysteinyl leukotrienes play a role in the pathophysiology of this disorder. As no effective treatment is yet available, leukotriene receptor antagonists might offer a new therapeutic approach for patients with the hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D and periodic fever syndrome.