Risk factors for development of tuberculosis after isoniazid chemoprophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.

Casado, José L; Moreno, Santiago; Fortún, Jesús; Antela, Antonio; Quereda, Carmen; Navas, Enrique; Moreno, Ana; Dronda, Fernando · Clin Infect Dis · 2002

prospective_cohort · Level II

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Abstract

The long-term benefit of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and risk factors for isoniazid failure were studied in 131 HIV-infected patients who received >9 months of isoniazid preventive therapy. During a median follow-up of 43 months, 8 patients developed tuberculosis (TB) (6%; 0.61 cases per 100 patient-years). Only the persistence of risk factors for exposure to TB was statistically associated with development of disease (relative hazard, 3.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.56-17; P<.001). Our data suggest reinfection as the main cause of TB after isoniazid prophylaxis.

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