Effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on mammographic breast density.

Abstract

Our purpose was to compare the effects of tibolone, continuous combined hormone replacement therapy, and placebo on mammographic breast density. A prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study was performed. A total of 166 postmenopausal women were equally randomized to receive tibolone 2.5 mg, estradiol 2 mg/norethisterone acetate 1 mg (E(2)/NETA), or placebo. Mammograms were performed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Mammographic density was quantified according to the Wolfe classification and by the percentage area of the breast that had a dense pattern. An increase in mammographic density was much more common among women receiving continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (46%-50%) than among those receiving tibolone (2%-6%) and placebo (0%) treatment. The difference between E(2)/NETA and placebo was highly significant (P <.001). Treatment with tibolone did not differ from that with placebo. The relative risk of an increase in breast density for E(2)/NETA versus tibolone was found to be 8.3 (95% CI 2.7-25.0). An increase in mammographic density should be regarded as an unwanted side effect of hormone replacement therapy. In contrast to estrogen/progestogen treatment, tibolone seems to exert little stimulation of breast tissue.