Cardiac surgery in Eastern Europe: continuing challenge.

Borst, Hans G · World J Surg · 2003

review · Level V

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Abstract

The post-Soviet calamities of East European cardiac surgery highlight the spectrum of marked differences in overall operative capacities among individual post-Communist countries. A comparison with the level of cardiac surgery in Western Europe reveals the importance of continuing relief, comprising both educational and material help. The East European Program of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery exemplifies current efforts to address these needs.

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