Hand mirror variant of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Evidence for a mixed leukemia.

Abstract

Blast cells from a female patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia-hand mirror variant were examined using various techniques, including light and ultrastructural morphologic examination, cytochemical analysis, surface antigen characterization, cytogenetic analysis, and gene rearrangement studies. The blast cells were found to be pre-B cells (CD19+ and Tdt+) that also expressed the myeloid antigens CD13 and CD33 and demonstrated a heavy chain immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. Cytogenetic studies revealed a t(11;19) translocation previously described in biphenotypic leukemias. A subset of acute lymphoblastic leukemia-hand mirror cells has been previously defined and includes predominately female patients with an indolent course. The authors' findings place this case, a mixed leukemia, within that subgroup. The possibility of mixed lineage should be considered in future cases of hand mirror variants of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Furthermore, hand mirror morphologic features in any case of acute leukemia should alert the hematopathologist/hematologist to the possibility of mixed lineage.