Anatomic brain abnormalities in monozygotic twins discordant for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Castellanos, F Xavier; Sharp, Wendy S; Gottesman, Rebecca F; Greenstein, Deanna K; Giedd, Jay N; Rapoport, Judith L · Am J Psychiatry · 2003

case_control · Level III

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Abstract

To examine brain-behavior relationships in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the authors obtained magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of monozygotic twins discordant for ADHD. National recruitment was followed by in-person assessment. MRI scans were measured algorithmically for nine pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for ADHD. The affected twins had significantly smaller caudate volumes (mean difference=-0.56 ml, CI=-0.92 to -0.21) than their unaffected co-twins. These results provide further support for striatal models of ADHD pathophysiology.

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