Speech--a key function of man. Reflexions of a neurosurgeon.

Abstract

Man is distinguished and differentiated from other living creatures by possessing less genetically determined characteristics, behaviour and reactions, with fewer features fitting him for a special environment. For this reason he enjoys greater freedom and adaptability. In order to be able to pass on the necessary lessons for survival, man must have command of his speech, and as a species can only exist within communities. This presupposes an instinctive drive to make rules and regulations for ordered living in society. Speech is not only a means of communication but also the basis and precondition of abstract thinking. Complete aphasia implies the loss of this ability. It would deprive man from the most important of his key functions. Therefore it is inhuman. These reflections have convinced me absolutely, that neurosurgical interventions, which would have the predictable result of total aphasia, must not be performed, even though prolongation of life, but without speech, might thus be bought.