Identifying early glaucoma with optical coherence tomography.

Abstract

To evaluate performance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for detection of early glaucoma. Observational case-control study. University-based tertiary care center. One eye from 50 normals, 42 glaucoma suspects, and 59 early glaucoma patients meeting the following criteria: visual field (VF) mean deviation > or =-6.00 dB, age > or =40 years, spherical refractive error < or =5 diopters, astigmatism < or =3 diopters, and visual acuity > or =20/30. Early glaucoma by VF (EGVF) was described as repeatable abnormal achromatic VFs based on predefined criteria. Glaucoma suspects (GS) were defined as presence of glaucomatous disk appearance with normal achromatic VFs. Average nerve fiber layer thickness (NFLT) and NFLT in each of four quadrants and 12 clock-hour sectors. Receiver operating characteristic curves and sensitivity and specificity were used to assess the performance of OCT. Average NFLT was 128.4 +/- 15.4, 102.0 +/- 25.4, and 86.5 +/- 31.5 microm in normal, GS, and EGVF eyes, respectively. Normal eyes were different from both glaucoma groups (P <.001); NFLT in the superior quadrant and at the 11 o'clock position had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (.840 and.933) in the GS and EGVF groups (P =.03). The sensitivity of the OCT for detection of glaucoma was 71% and 85% for the GS and EGVF groups with specificity fixed at 90%. The OCT discriminates well between eyes with early perimetric glaucoma and normal eyes. However, its performance is less adequate in eyes with suspicious disk and normal VFs.