Medical-legal issues in Charcot's neurologic career.

Abstract

Trace the medical-legal involvement of the 19th century clinical neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot. The two major neurologic concerns of the 1800s that involved legal questions were topics of particular academic interest to Charcot: post-traumatic neurologic syndromes and the behavioral consequences of hysteria and hypnotism. Although Charcot's medical views influenced several nonmedical fields, including art, poetry, and drama, his impact on medical-legal issues has not been examined. Original documents from the Bibliothèque Charcot at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, legal documents, and publications from Charcot's era were examined. Although his involvement in medical-legal affairs was a modest element of Charcot's multifaceted career, he was involved in four different types of medical-legal activities: as a cited authority in the medical-legal literature, as an author of articles within medical-legal contexts, as a subpoenaed expert consultant, and as an expert examiner. Charcot's involvement demonstrates the long tradition of an interface between neurology and legal medicine and provides a model for highly limited but authoritative involvement by academic neurologists in medical-legal affairs.