Lifestyle and dietary modification for prevention of heart failure.

Abstract

This article discusses the factors that contribute most to systolic and diastolic heart failure (HF): ischemic heart disease, hypertension,obesity, diabetes, and nephropathy. Diabetes often follows the insulin resistance syndrome in which obesity and hypertension are combined with dyslipidemia, and obesity is likely causal. Diabetes and hypertension are common causes of nephropathy, which in turn is a common precursor to HF. Insulin resistance, obesity,dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension are risk factors for atherosclerotic coronary disease and left ventricular ischemia. Each is also a risk factor for diastolic dysfunction.