Fires from the interaction of anesthetics with desiccated absorbent.

Abstract

Rarely, fire and patient injury have resulted from the degradation of sevoflurane by desiccated carbon dioxide absorbent. Desiccated absorbent also can degrade desflurane and isoflurane, and in the present investigation we sought to determine whether a danger of fire also arose with their use in the presence of desiccated absorbent. Baralyme was desiccated by heating and directing a 10 L/min flow of oxygen through the absorbent. Approximately 1200 g of this desiccated absorbent was used to fill a standard absorber placed in a standard anesthetic circuit to which we directed a 6 L/min flow of oxygen containing 1.5 or 3.0 MAC desflurane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane. A 3-L reservoir bag served as a surrogate lung, and we ventilated this lung with a minute ventilation of 10 L/min. With desflurane or isoflurane, at both 1.5 MAC and 3.0 MAC, temperatures increased in 30 to 70 min to a peak of approximately 100 degrees C and then decreased. With 1.5 MAC sevoflurane (3.0 MAC was not studied), temperatures increased to over 200 degrees C, and in 2 of 5 studies, flames appeared in the anesthetic circuit. In a separate study, we found that concurrent delivery of carbon dioxide and desflurane did not increase peak temperatures. We conclude that the interaction of desflurane or isoflurane with desiccated absorbent is not likely to produce the conflagrations possible with sevoflurane.