Respiratory disease in aggregate quarry workers related to risk factors and Pi phenotype.

Abstract

To evaluate the respiratory health and its relationship with exposure to silica, smoking, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and Pi phenotype in aggregate quarries workers. In a prevalence study, 378 subjects were studied, x-ray opacities and pulmonary function was analyzed in relation to cumulative dust exposure, smoking, alpha1- antitrypsin, and Pi phenotype. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of round opacities (> or =0/1) was significantly related to smoking (P <0.001). The predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) percentage had a negative relationship with the product dust. pack-years (P = 0.005). The OR of FEV1 <90% was 3.03 for smokers exposed to dust versus nonexposed nonsmokers (P = 0.049). The criteria for dust-tobacco interaction are satisfied. A subgroup with the highest level of alpha1-antitrypsin presented more opacities and worse pulmonary function. Radiologic alterations are found in relation to tobacco. The FEV1 has a negative relation with the product dust-tobacco. No alterations related to Pi phenotype are found. A subgroup with the highest alpha1-antitrypsin levels had more radiologic alterations and worse function.