Understanding valvular heart disease in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases.

Cleve Clin J Med · 2004

review · Level V

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Abstract

Specific systemic autoimmune diseases are associated with distict valvular heart disorders. We discuss the valvular disorders associated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, the seronegative spondyloarthropathies, the systemic vasculitides, and scleroderma.