Large remnant 131I ablation as an alternative to completion/total thyroidectomy in the treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer.

Abstract

An alternative to completion thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is to ablate the remnant lobe with 131 I. The purpose of this study is to review our own experience with large remnant ablation. A retrospective review of 169 patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer treated at one institution over a 14-year period was undertaken. Seventy-one patients who underwent partial thyroidectomy (PT) followed by 131 I ablation were identified. This group was compared to 98 patients treated with total thyroidectomy (TT). Mean follow-up was 6.2 years for the 71 PT + 131 I versus 4.7 years for the 98 TT patients (P = .184). Recurrence occurred in 4 of 71 PT + I 131 patients (5.6%) versus 9 of 98 TT patients (9.2%) (P = .393). Other than a tendency for the size of the primary to be slightly larger and for the histology to be follicular carcinoma in the PT + 131 I patients, the 2 groups were nearly identical in age, gender, and other prognostic factors such as capsular invasion and metastases. Large-dose ablation with 131 I is a viable alternative to completion thyroidectomy. Recurrence rates over an average 6-year period are similar to TT. Long-term monitoring of these cohorts is required.