Reverse obliquity and transverse fractures of the trochanteric region of the femur; a review of 101 cases.

Abstract

Reverse obliquity and transverse fractures of the proximal femur represent a distinct fracture pattern in which the mechanical forces displace the femur medially thus increasing the risk of fixation failure. There is a paucity of published literature in this area of trauma. This study constitutes the largest series of such fractures. Using a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from a single institution, 101 reverse obliquity and transverse fracture patterns were identified from 3336 consecutive hip fractures. All surviving patients were followed up for 1 year. Of 100 patients treated operatively, 59 were treated with 135 degrees sliding hip screws (SHS), 19 with a Medoff plates modification of the SHS, three with a sliding hip screw and trochanteric stabilising plate and 19 with intramedullary sliding hip screw devices. Nine fracture fixation-healing complications occurred, with cut-out being the commonest complication (seven cases). Cut-out of the implant was associated with femoral medialisation and a larger tip to apex distance. This fracture pattern is a challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon with a high risk of fracture healing complications. The 135 degrees SHS and the intramedullary devices had similar failure rates.