Nerve replacement strategies for cavernous nerves.

Abstract

This article reviews novel restorative therapies for cavernous nerves that may be used to replace resected cavernous nerves at the time of pelvic surgery. A literature-based presentation (Medline search) on current nerve replacement strategies was conducted with emphasis on neurobiological factors contributing to the restoration of erectile function after cavernous nerve injuries. A promising alternative to autologous nerve grafts for extending the length of successful nerve regeneration are artificial nerve guides. The addition of neurotrophic factors, extracellular matrix components and Schwann cells has been shown to promote cavernous nerve regeneration. Neurotrophic factors can be incorporated in the scaffold or can be supplied by cells seeded into the stroma. The regenerative capacity of these cells can be further enhanced by genetic modification with neurotrophic factor encoding genes. Artificial nerve guides, especially biodegradable ones containing growth-promoting factors or cells, are a promising option for the repair of cavernous nerve lesions.