Maternal serum-soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 in early pregnancy ending in preeclampsia or intrauterine growth retardation.

Abstract

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes placental vascularization, which is inadequate in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). The soluble receptor of VEGF (sVEGFR-1), also known as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, is produced in the placenta and reduces VEGF activity. Therefore, elevated sVEGFR-1 could contribute to the development of preeclampsia and IUGR. The objective of this study was to study maternal serum sVEGFR-1 concentration in early pregnancy ending in preeclampsia and IUGR. This was a case-control study. This study was conducted at Helsinki University Central Hospital (Helsinki, Finland), a tertiary referral center. Patients included 124 pregnant women, of whom 49 developed preeclampsia, 16 gave birth to IUGR infants without preeclampsia, and 59 remained normotensive and gave birth to normal-sized infants. Serum samples were collected at 12-15 and 16-20 gestational weeks. Serum sVEGFR-1 concentrations were determined by ELISA. Women with subsequent preeclampsia had higher [median; interquartile range (IQR)] concentrations of sVEGFR-1 at 16-20 wk gestation (436 and 282-699 ng/liter; P = 0.005) than the controls (296 and 184-508 ng/liter). The conclusion was the same if women with mild (340 and 285-750 ng/liter; P = 0.043) or severe (497 and 235-699 ng/liter; P = 0.022) preeclampsia were analyzed separately. An elevated sVEGFR-1 concentration at 16-20 wk gestation is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia but not of isolated IUGR. Soluble VEGFR-1 concentration decreased by 15% from the first to the second sampling in the controls but not in women with preeclampsia or IUGR. Elevated sVEGFR-1 concentrations at 16-20 wk gestation precede the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia. By neutralizing VEGF, sVEGFR-1 may contribute to inadequate placental vascularization.