Management of BCG failures in superficial bladder cancer: a review.
review · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 16464532.
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Abstract
Review management of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) failures in superficial bladder cancer. Search of published literature and meeting abstracts. Patients in whom BCG fails are not a uniform group. Failure cannot be predicted but high-risk patients can be identified. In case of failure and progression the outcome is bad. Conservative but investigative alternatives are BCG/interferon-alpha, intravesical hyperthermia/chemotherapy, or photodynamic therapy. Standard treatment in failing patients remains cystoprostatectomy. BCG failures need careful and individualized therapy in experienced hands.
Medical subject headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- BCG Vaccine
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms