Bipolar and multipolar radio frequency ablation with resistance controlled power output: standardized ex vivo kidney tissue evaluation.

Abstract

We investigated a newly developed bipolar and multipolar RF ablation system with an internally cooled electrode and resistance controlled power output in a standardized model of perfused ex vivo kidney tissue. RF energy was applied at different power levels (20, 30 and 60 W) for 1, 3, 5 and 9 minutes. Each treatment parameter was repeated 5 times. For the 20/30 W levels a bipolar electrode with an active conducting part of 20/30 mm was selected. At 60 W 2 bipolar electrodes with an active conducting part (30 mm each) were connected. Lesion volumes and shapes were calculated by measuring the maximum vertical, long axis and short axis diameters of the macroscopic lesion. Lesion volume increased significantly with the treatment time and generator power applied (p < 0.0001). Lesion size in multipolar ablated zones was larger than that in bipolar ablated zones. A reliable dose-effect relationship existed between the generator power/applied treatment time and ablated tissue lesion size. All lesions were elliptical. Bipolar and multipolar RF ablation with an internally cooled electrode and tissue resistance control represent an interesting advance in RF technology. The development of lesion size and volume is predictable, while a uniform lesion shape can be achieved in perfused ex vivo kidney tissue. Further in vivo trials are required to test whether complete and reliable tumor tissue ablation is possible with this system.