Neuropsychological dysfunction following repeat concussions in jockeys.

Abstract

Single and repeat concussions have a high prevalence in sport. However, there is limited research into longterm risks associated with single and repeat concussions. To determine the effects of single and repeat historical concussions on the neuropsychological functioning and neurological reports of licensed jockeys. Six hundred and ninety eight licensed jockeys in the UK were assessed for neurological and neuropsychological symptoms of concussion at least three months after potential episodes. Jockeys reporting multiple historical injuries versus a single injury showed reliable decrements on a measure of response inhibition and, to a less robust degree, on divided attention. Younger adults showed greater vulnerability. Repeated concussion is associated with reliable decrements in cognitive performance--even after a three month window for recent recovery.