Efficacy and tolerance of intravitreal ganciclovir in cytomegalovirus retinitis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Abstract

Forty-four patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis (64 eyes) intolerant of or refusing systemic antiviral therapy received 710 intravitreal injections of ganciclovir at the dosage of 400 micrograms per injection. The patients were followed for a mean period of 9 weeks. Induction therapy consisted of two injections a week until healing. Maintenance therapy consisted of one injection a week until relapse. All but 1 of 53 induction courses led to cicatrization, after a mean of 6.6 injections. In 54 maintenance courses, the 8-week relapse rate was 53%. During intravitreal therapy, involvement of the fellow eye occurred in 11% of the patients and CMV infection developed in a nonocular site in 16% of the patients. Five retinal detachments and two intravitreal hemorrhages occurred. No endophthalmitis or cataract was noted. Intravitreal ganciclovir appears to be a safe and effective alternative in patients intolerant of intravenous anti-CMV drugs.