Heat-shock protein 25 ameliorates calcium oxalate crystal-mediated oxidative stress in renal epithelial cells.

Abstract

To investigate whether the antioxidant protection attributed to small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) affects calcium oxalate stone formation, a pro-oxidant disease. Canine distal tubular epithelial cells (Madin-Darby canine kidney, MDCK cells) were grown as confluent monolayers. Treatment regimens included control and HS-treated cells (37 degrees C and 42 degrees C for 1 h) with or without calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) or free oxalate treatment (28 microg/cm2) 16 h later. In digitonin-permeabilized cells, O2- was measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence over a 5-min period, to measure mitochondrial O2- production. Protein expression was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Western blot analysis using specific antibodies. COM significantly increased O2- production in MDCK cells. HS treatment, which up-regulated HSP25 expression, significantly decreased this O2- production (P < 0.05) but had no effect in control cells. In COM-treated cells (20 h) there was a marked and significant down-regulation of both HSP 25, HSP 70 and heme oxygenase-1 expression compared to cells treated with HS alone (P < 0.05). Free oxalate had no effect on HSP 25 expression. The results suggest that the COM-induced increase in mitochondrial O2- production in MDCK cells is ameliorated by HSP 25 up-regulation via HS. Specific COM inhibition of HSP 25, HSP 70 and heme oxygenase-1 up-regulation suggests that COM-induced reactive oxygen species damage is unable to benefit from HSP-associated physiological resistance.