3D and 4D ultrasound in fetal cardiac scanning: a new look at the fetal heart.

Yagel, S; Cohen, S M; Shapiro, I; Valsky, D V · Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol · 2007

review · Level V

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Abstract

Over the last decade we have been witness to a burgeoning literature on three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound-based studies of the fetal cardiovascular system. Recent advances in the technology of 3D/4D ultrasound systems allow almost real-time 3D/4D fetal heart scans. It appears that 3D/4D ultrasound in fetal echocardiography may make a significant contribution to interdisciplinary management team consultation, health delivery systems, parental counseling, and professional training. Our aim is to review the state of the art in 3D/4D fetal echocardiography through the literature and index cases of normal and anomalous fetal hearts.

Medical subject headings