In vitro testing of current spread during ventricular catheter coagulation using diathermy. Technical note.

Abstract

The authors report on the development of an anterior cerebral artery pseudoaneurysm that hemorrhaged after monopolar coagulation for a ventricular catheter lodged in the interhemispheric fissure. After observing this complication, the authors developed a simple bench test that can be performed by any neurosurgeon to determine the safest coagulation parameters for any given diathermy unit. A modified grounding pad was placed in a beaker of a protein solution consisting of egg whites. Ventricular catheters were then placed in the solution, and a monopolar diathermy current was applied to a metal stylet at various wattages and for different durations of time. Inducing coagulation at 40 W with a diathermy unit produced flames emanating from around the pores of the catheter tip. Flash flames were also observed at 35 W, forming a coagulum of egg white for a distance of up to 1 cm from the catheter tip. All heat was dissipated through the holes of the first 16 mm of the catheter. At 20 W the flame was minimal and coagulation appeared adequate, whereas at 15 W only bubbles were seen around the tip together with suboptimal coagulum formation. This technique is a simple and effective means of determining the optimal setting for monopolar diathermy and can be used to figure the optimal catheter coagulation wattage for a given diathermy unit. Considering the results of this study, the authors have lowered the current for coagulation in ventricular catheters to 20 W.