The distal radioulnar joint. Anatomic and functional considerations.

Abstract

The distal radioulnar joint is functionally coupled with the proximal radioulnar joint, thus forming a mechanism for the longitudinal rotation of the hand. Distal radioulnar mobility is derived from the geometry of the joint, joint surfaces, and radioulnar connections. There is a structural and functional separation between the distal radioulnar and carpal joints, giving the possibility of pronation and supination in every position of the hand to the forearm. As for the stability of the joints involved, the ulnar articular disk plays an essential role. Being part of both distal radioulnar and carpal joints, the disk has very specific morphologic features that not only are individualized to the function of both joints but also stabilize the joints in their independent movements. Developmental data give the strong impression of an architectural scheme, of which the distal radioulnar joint is only a part. Traumatic lesions at the distal radioulnar joint and disturbances in normal distal radioulnar alignment have to be viewed, therefore, in a wider context.