Ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the internal maxillary artery complicating CT-guided fine-needle aspiration in an irradiated, surgical bed.

Abstract

CT-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a safe procedure, but major complications can occur rarely. Pseudoaneurysm rupture in the head and neck region following CT-guided FNA is an emergency that can result in life-threatening hemorrhage. This case emphasizes the salient risk factors for pseudoaneurysm formation and rupture in the head and neck region following CT-guided FNA. A patient was seen with oral and facial hemorrhage as a result of a ruptured pseudoaneurysm 11 weeks following CT-guided FNA in a previously irradiated surgical bed. The patient was treated with coil embolization in and around the pseudoaneurysm and discharged without any further complications. Although CT-guided FNA is a safe and effective procedure, some patients may be at increased risk for rare but major complications. Caution should be used in proceeding with CT-guided FNA in an irradiated surgical bed of the head and neck.