Surface replacement arthroplasty of the proximal interphalangeal joint.

Abstract

The first proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) replacements were hinged devices with single-axis motion. Newer implant arthroplasties of the PIPJ have anatomically designed proximal phalangeal and middle phalangeal components. A need to create balanced forces across the joint was the rationale for the semiconstrained PIPJ prosthesis, which uses an anatomic design. These low-profile implants limit bone excision while preserving the integrity of the collateral ligaments. Paramount in the success of this implant is maintaining the integrity of the insertion of the central slip as it inserts on the base of the middle phalanx. The proximal and middle phalanx should be broached such that the largest implant can be press-fit in place. Greater stability is gained with a collateral ligament-preserving implant. Patient selection should include those patients with sufficient soft-tissue integrity. In general, patients with inflammatory disorders, collateral ligament insufficiency, and acute or chronic PIPJ septic arthritis are poor candidates for PIPJ surface replacement arthroplasty.