Low serum albumin level is associated with cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients with chronic lymphoproliferative diseases treated with alemtuzumab (Campath-1H)-based therapies.

Abstract

Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H), a monoclonal antibody that targets the CD52 antigen, has been approved for the treatment of fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, the profound immunosuppression caused by alemtuzumab has been associated with infectious complications. The authors report on the incidence and risk factors for development of symptomatic cytomegalovirus reactivation in 113 patients with chronic lymphoproliferative disorders who received alemtuzumab-based therapy. Kaplan-Meier methods were applied to generate survival curves, and the log-rank test was used to assess the difference between groups; in addition, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio of death including 95% confidence intervals. Cytomegalovirus reactivation was diagnosed in 25 patients (22%), and most of those patients responded to antiviral therapy. Nine additional patients had asymptomatic cytomegalovirus viremia. With appropriate therapy, most patients achieved clearance of cytomegalovirus viremia. Low serum albumin was the only factor associated significantly with symptomatic cytomegalovirus reactivation.