Tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in low-income and high-income countries.

Antiretroviral Therapy in Low-Income Countries Collaboration of the International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA); ART Cohort Collaboration; Brinkhof, Martin W G; Egger, Matthias; Boulle, Andrew; May, Margaret; Hosseinipour, Mina; Sprinz, Eduardo et al. · Clin Infect Dis · 2007

prospective_cohort · Level II

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Abstract

We examined the incidence of and risk factors for tuberculosis during the first year of highly active antiretroviral therapy in low-income (4540 patients) and high-income (22,217 patients) countries. Although incidence was much higher in low-income countries, the reduction in the incidence of tuberculosis associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy was similar: the rate ratio for months 7-12 versus months 1-3 was 0.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.64) in low-income countries and 0.36 (95% confidence interval, 0.26-0.50) in high-income countries. A low CD4 cell count at the start of therapy was the most important risk factor in both settings.

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