Developments in perforator imaging for the anterolateral thigh flap: CT angiography and CT-guided stereotaxy.

Abstract

The anterolateral thigh flap is an increasingly popular reconstructive option despite uncertainty in its perforator anatomy. Perforators are not always present, vary in size and intramuscular course, and have variable cutaneous courses and supply. As such, preoperative imaging has become favored. The current study describes the preliminary use of two new modalities for preoperative imaging: computed tomography (CT) Angiography and CT-guided stereotaxy. These have been utilized in the preoperative imaging of two patients undergoing ALT flap reconstruction. Each patient underwent each of these techniques combined with Doppler ultrasound, the previous standard modality. The size, location, and course of perforators were explored and compared with operative findings. Both techniques are technically feasible, highly accurate, and provide more information to the surgeon than ultrasound. CT Angiography and CT-guided stereotaxy are useful adjuncts to Doppler ultrasound for imaging perforators prior to ALT flaps. A larger study is suggested to quantify the accuracy of these techniques.