Conserved T cell receptor alpha-chain induces insulin autoantibodies.

Kobayashi, Masakazu; Jasinski, Jean; Liu, Edwin; Li, Marcella; Miao, Dongmei; Zhang, Li; Yu, Liping; Nakayama, Maki et al. · Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2008

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

A fundamental question is what are the molecular determinants that lead to spontaneous preferential targeting of specific autoantigens in autoimmune diseases, such as the insulin B:9-23 peptide sequence in type 1 diabetes. Anti-insulin B:9-23 T cell clones isolated from prediabetic NOD islets have a conserved Valpha-segment/Jalpha-segment, but no conservation of the alpha-chain N region and no conservation of the Vbeta-chain. Here, we show that the conserved T cell receptor alpha-chain generates insulin autoantibodies when transgenically or retrogenically introduced into mice without its corresponding Vbeta. We suggest that a major part of the mystery as to why islet autoimmunity develops relates to recognition of a primary insulin peptide by a conserved alpha chain T cell receptor.

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