The association of intrauterine growth abnormalities in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus complicated by vasculopathy.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to test whether vasculopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with fetal growth abnormalities. Women with type 1 DM (n = 340) were enrolled in a prospective study of diabetes in pregnancy and classified according to vascular status: NV (no vasculopathy, n = 181), HBR (hypertension or background retinopathy, n = 79), PR (proliferative retinopathy only, n = 16), NEP (nephropathy only, n = 40), and PRN (proliferative retinopathy and nephropathy, n = 24). Association of vascular status with low birthweight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) infants was analyzed. The odds ratios for delivery of a LBW infant compared to women without vasculopathy after controlling for maternal age, gestational age and race were: HBR 1.0, PR 2.2, NEP 3.7, and PRN 5.5. The odds ratios for delivery of a SGA infant were: HBR 0.7, PR 10.4, NEP 1.9, and PRN 9.9. Diabetic vasculopathy is associated with increased odds for delivery of low-birthweight or SGA infants.