Long-term control of HIV by CCR5 Delta32/Delta32 stem-cell transplantation.

Hütter, Gero; Nowak, Daniel; Mossner, Maximilian; Ganepola, Susanne; Müssig, Arne; Allers, Kristina; Schneider, Thomas; Hofmann, Jörg et al. · N Engl J Med · 2009

case_report · Level V

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Abstract

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires the presence of a CD4 receptor and a chemokine receptor, principally chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). Homozygosity for a 32-bp deletion in the CCR5 allele provides resistance against HIV-1 acquisition. We transplanted stem cells from a donor who was homozygous for CCR5 delta32 in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia and HIV-1 infection. The patient remained without viral rebound 20 months after transplantation and discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. This outcome demonstrates the critical role CCR5 plays in maintaining HIV-1 infection.

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