Digoxin-specific Fab fragments in the treatment of oleander toxicity in a canine model.

Abstract

To examine the efficacy of digoxin-specific Fab fragments (dsFab) in the treatment of experimentally induced Nerium oleander cardiac glycoside toxicity in a dog model. A nonblined, placebo-controlled experiment. Ten adult greyhound dogs of either sex divided into treatment and control groups of five dogs each. A tincture of oleander was prepared and administered intravenously to each animal. After the onset of cardiotoxicity, the treatment group received 60 mg/kg dsFab IV. All dogs exhibited dysrhythmias meeting our criteria for cardiac glycoside cardiotoxicity within 27 minutes of beginning the infusion. Three of five control dogs had lethal dysrhythmias during the three-hour observation period. The remaining two control dogs exhibited dysrhythmias throughout the three-hour experiment. All five of the dsFab-treated dogs survived and converted to normal sinus rhythm within eight minutes of dsFab infusion. Three treatment animals reverted back to nonlethal and hemodynamically stable dysrhythmias after a mean of 107 minutes. Large doses of dsFab are efficacious in the treatment of dysrhythmias in this canine model of N oleander cardiac glycoside poisoning.