Congenital hand differences: embryology and classification.
review · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 19380057.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1016/j.hcl.2009.02.002.
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Abstract
Congenital hand differences affect approximately 1 in 500 persons and present unique diagnostic and classification challenges. The embryology of the hand and upper extremity is discussed, including the molecular basis for patterning of the upper limb. The Swanson/International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand classification system is described, along with a discussion of the difficulties in classifying congenital hand differences based on morphology or etiology.
Medical subject headings
- Hand
- Hand Deformities, Congenital
Anatomy
- hand