Imaging of pulmonary venous developmental anomalies.

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to review pulmonary venous embryology and to present the imaging findings of a variety of pulmonary venous developmental anomalies, including total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, pulmonary vein stenosis and hypoplasia/atresia, and cor triatriatum. There are numerous developmental pulmonary venous anomalies. Although these conditions have traditionally been evaluated with echocardiography and angiography, they can be accurately diagnosed using both MRI and MDCT.