Two-year visual outcomes after photodynamic therapy in age-related macular degeneration patients with or without polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy lesions.

Abstract

To describe the visual outcomes 2 years after photodynamic therapy in Japanese patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with or without polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) lesions. Sixty-three eyes of 63 consecutive patients with AMD or AMD + PCV who underwent photodynamic therapy were included in this study. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography were performed to diagnose AMD and AMD + PCV. Change in mean visual acuity and recurrence of active lesion during the follow-up period up to 2 years were assessed. Patients with typical AMD maintained visual acuity for 2 years after photodynamic therapy. For patients with AMD + PCV, the visual acuity was maintained during the first year but started decreasing by 0.09 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units per 3 months (95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.06-0.14) after 1 year. Moreover, patients with AMD + PCV had 82% higher risk of a recurrence of active lesions for each increase in 3 months of follow-up time after 1 year; this suggested that the risk of recurrence had increased later in follow-up after 1 year. Recurrence of active PCV lesions and massive subretinal hemorrhages were the main reasons for the late worsening of visual acuity. The visual acuity after photodynamic therapy in AMD patients was maintained for 2 years after the initial treatment. Patients with AMD + PCV had stable visual outcome within 1 year but not after 1 year; there are risks of late recurrences and massive hemorrhages after 1 year in patients with AMD + PCV.