Blount disease.

Abstract

Two clinically distinct forms of Blount disease (early-onset and late-onset), based on whether the lower-limb deformity develops before or after the age of four years, have been described. Although the etiology of Blount disease may be multifactorial, the strong association with childhood obesity suggests a mechanical basis. A comprehensive analysis of multiplanar deformities in the lower extremity reveals tibial varus, procurvatum, and internal torsion along with limb shortening. Additionally, distal femoral varus is commonly noted in the late-onset form. When a patient has early-onset disease, a realignment tibial osteotomy before the age of four years decreases the risk of recurrent deformity. Gradual correction with distraction osteogenesis is an effective means of achieving an accurate multiplanar correction, especially in patients with late-onset disease.