Smoking and chronic back pain: analyses of the German Telephone Health Survey 2003.
cross_sectional · Level IV
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 19626187.
- Also identified by DOI 10.3238/arztebl.2008.0441 and PMC identifier PMC1732468.
- No licence information is recorded for this record.
- Because redistribution is not established, this page shows the abstract only. Follow the links below for the full text.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Smoking represents the greatest avoidable risk for a large number of serious diseases. The goal of the present study was to investigate the connection between tobacco consumption and back pain, as such a link has yet to be clearly established. METHODS: The analysis was based on the public use file of the German Telephone Health Survey 2003 (n = 8318), carried out by the Robert Koch Institute, Berlin. After exclusion of invalid cases, data on 7271 persons (total model) and 1998 persons (smoker model) were analyzed. RESULTS: Multivariate data analysis clearly shows that not only daily smokers (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.85) but also former smokers (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.07) have a significantly higher chance of suffering from chronic back pain than non-smokers. Number of smoking years is the factor most significantly correlated with chronic back pain, while starting age and amount of tobacco consumed have no impact. DISCUSSION: Owing to the cross-sectional design of this investigation it is not possible to conclude that smoking causes increased back pain through physical dysfunction. Nevertheless, the correlation should be analyzed in a longitudinal study because clarification of causality always represents potential for prevention.