The anatomic approach to primary, revision and augmentation anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Abstract

The anatomic approach is gaining popularity in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. It is predominantly applied during primary ACL reconstruction. However, following the same principles as during primary surgery, the anatomic approach can also be applied during revision and augmentation surgery. This paper discusses the surgical technique for anatomic single- and double-bundle ACL reconstruction, for primary, revision and augmentation surgery. During primary reconstruction, the choice for single- or double-bundle reconstruction and graft size should be based on ACL insertion site and femoral intercondylar notch dimensions. When there is an isolated anteromedial (AM) or posterolateral (PL) bundle rupture, augmentation of a single-bundle can be performed while protecting the integrity of the intact bundle. Especially during revision surgery, there are many potential situations the surgeon may encounter when entering the knee. There are multiple possible solutions for all of these different situations leading to an anatomic end result. Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scanning should be used to evaluate the current tunnel positions and determine the operative strategy.