Expression of components of the renin-angiotensin system in proliferating infantile haemangioma may account for the propranolol-induced accelerated involution.

Abstract

Infantile haemangioma is a benign tumour of the microvasculature characterised by excessive proliferation of immature endothelial cells. It typically undergoes rapid proliferation during infancy followed by spontaneous slow involution during childhood often leaving a fibro-fatty residuum. In 2008, propranolol, a non-selective β-blocker, was serendipitously discovered to induce accelerated involution of a proliferating infantile haemangioma. However, the mechanism by which propranolol causes this dramatic effect is unclear. Using immunohistochemical staining, we show that the CD34+ endothelial progenitor cells of the microvessels in proliferating infantile haemangioma express angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptor-2, but not angiotensin II receptor-1. We have also shown using our in vitro explant model that the cells emanating from proliferating haemangioma biopsies form blast-like structures that proliferate in the presence of angiotensin II. We present here a plausible model involving the renin-angiotensin system that may account for the propranolol-induced accelerated involution of proliferating infantile haemangioma.