Meta-analysis: its importance in cost-effectiveness studies.

Abstract

Meta-analysis can be used in cost-effectiveness studies when evidence from several studies is combined to identify which therapies are effective; to estimate the degree of effectiveness between alternative choices; and to estimate cost-related outcomes as part of the costing of therapies and their sequelae. When meta-analysis is performed it is essential that the research protocol include a clear definition of the research question, a description of the studies to be included, inclusion/exclusion criteria for selecting trials, and the methods of trial selection. Issues of bias, and statistical methods and sensitivity analyses used should also be assessed. Meta-analysis, particularly of randomized trials, can provide a rigorous and sound approach to treatment evaluation and should be an integral part of any major cost-effectiveness analysis.