Informed choice on Pap smear still limited by lack of knowledge on the meaning of false-positive or false-negative test results.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Screening for cervical cancer may have favourable or unfavourable effects at the individual level. This study assesses whether invitees in The Netherlands made an informed choice about screen uptake. METHODS: Attached to the invitation letter and the information leaflet, screen invitees were sent a questionnaire. An informed decision was defined as based on decision-relevant knowledge, while the woman's attitude was consistent with her actual screening behaviour. RESULTS: Of all cervical screen participants, 60% (924/1551) responded to the questionnaire. Decision-relevant knowledge was sufficient in 595 women. Especially knowledge about false-positive and false-negative test results was limited. The attitude towards cervical screening was mainly positive (99%). Requirements for informed decision making were met in 571 (68%) women and in 91% when an alternative cut-off point of sufficient decision-relevant knowledge was applied. Most frequently reported main reasons to attend were early detection of abnormalities (67%) and reassurance in case of a normal smear (22%). CONCLUSION: Insufficient decision-relevant knowledge was the main cause of uninformed attendance. PRACTICE IMPLICATION: Adequate strategies to provide invitees with sufficient decision-relevant information are still needed, especially regarding false-positive and false-negative test results.