The significance of environmental exposure on the progression of allergic diseases.

Wahn, U · Allergy · 2011

Level V

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Abstract

In addition to strong genetic influences on atopic sensitization and disease development in infancy and childhood, a number of environmental factors modulate clinical and immunological phenotypes early in life and even prenatally. These factors include gastrointestinal or skin exposure to food allergens; respiratory exposure to indoor and outdoor allergens; presence of environmental pollutants such as tobacco smoke; and exposure to microbial compounds.

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