Shoulder US: anatomy, technique, and scanning pitfalls.

Abstract

The accuracy of shoulder ultrasonography (US) is largely dependent on the US examination technique. It is essential that the individual performing the US examination has an understanding of pertinent anatomy, such as bone surface anatomy and tendon orientation. It is also important to be familiar with imaging pitfalls related to US technique, such as anisotropy. In this article, shoulder US scanning technique, as well as related anatomy and scanning pitfalls, will be reviewed. The use of a protocol-driven shoulder US examination is important to ensure a comprehensive and efficient evaluation. An on-line video tutorial demonstrating a shoulder US also accompanies this article.