A randomized trial of extended buprenorphine detoxification for opioid dependency.

Abstract

: The objective of this study was to determine whether additional "take-home" medication after inpatient opioid detoxification would lead to improved rates of subsequent treatment initiation and abstinence. : We randomly assigned 60 inpatients to a 7-day or 37-day extension of sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone after hospitalization. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted approximately 5 weeks after discharge. The primary outcomes were abstinence, initiation of aftercare outpatient counseling, and initiation of self-help meeting attendance. : Of the 30 participants in each group, outcome data were obtained for 25 (83%) in the 7-day extension group and 27 (90%) in the 37-day extension group. There was not a significant difference in the rates of abstinence (53% versus 41%) or initiation of self-help (57% versus 54%) between the 7-day and 37-day groups, respectively. Of those in the 7-day group, 15 (65%) initiated outpatient treatment compared with 21 (88%) of those assigned to the 37-day group. Although not significant in unadjusted analysis (P = 0.093), this difference was significant in regression analysis when controlling for a history of intravenous drug use (P = 0.034). Among all participants, individual characteristics at the time of hospital admission (eg, age of first drug use, previous history of intravenous drug, type of health insurance) were predictive of outcomes. : In this preliminary study, additional medication beyond a week after inpatient detoxification was not associated with clinically important improvements in rates of abstinence or treatment initiation. Baseline patient characteristics seem to affect these clinical outcomes after hospitalization.